Child welfare oregon - Animal lovers around the world understand the importance of supporting organizations dedicated to animal welfare. One such organization is the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA).

 
Oregon Child Welfare has three response times: Within 24 hours, within 72 hours, and within 10 business days (when there is no danger posed to the child). Over 59 percent (59.3) were assigned a response time of within 24 hours. These response times are determined based on an analysis of the potential that the child is in present danger. The depression cure

Our Center advances the delivery of services to children and families. We are a nationally recognized research, training, and consultation center, working across Oregon and beyond. Founded as a partnership between the School of Social Work at Portland State University and Oregon Child Welfare in 1993, our services now touch on the fields of ...Jun 15, 2021 ... CORVALLIS, Ore. — Instead of looking at the reasons child welfare caseworkers leave their jobs, Oregon State University researchers examined ...Media Contacts. (Eugene, Oregon, August 17, 2022) – A federal district court in Oregon ruled today that a lawsuit filed by A Better Childhood, a national child advocacy organization, Disability Rights Oregon, and Davis Wright Tremaine on behalf of foster children in the Oregon child welfare system will proceed as a class action lawsuit.Jan 7, 2022 · 2022 Transmittals. Transmittal #. Issue Date. Due Date. Subject. CW-PT-22-013 (pdf) 12/12/2022. 12/12/2022. Child Welfare Procedure Manual Chapter 3 Section 14 “Protective Custody”, Chapter 5 Section 2 “Placement Services Generally” and Chapter 5 Section 27 “Clothing and Personal Belongings is being updated to add new duffel bag ... Apply or update benefits one.oregon.gov, 800-699-9075 Find help in your area 211info.org , call 211 or text your zip code to 898211 Aging and Disability Resource Connection (ADRC) adrcoforegon.org , 855-673-2372 Deep within the Oregon Secretary of State's 85-page audit report on the state's Office of Child Welfare is an account from caseworker Bridget Rayburn, 24.Oregon, also known as the “Beaver State,” is a captivating destination that boasts stunning natural landscapes. From its rugged coastline to its majestic mountains, this state offers a wealth of outdoor adventures for nature enthusiasts.REPR Class Pay Opt Range Opt Salary Range Rate 1 Rate 2 Rate 3 Rate 4 Rate 5 Rate 6 Rate 7 Rate 8 Rate 9 Rate 10 Rate 11 Rate 12 Rate 13 Rate 14 Rate 15 Rate 16 Rate 17 Child Welfare Progress Reports. Monthly Reports to the Governor and Child Welfare Oversight Board . Note: SSS1 staffing numbers included in reports from February 2020 and prior include SSS1 SR 24 only. Staffing data numbers have been realigned and from March 2020, now reflect all SSS1 movement.Purpose: This pilot study evaluated the cost–benefit of research-based Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) as an alternative treatment setting to residential …Oregon Department of Human Services welcomes the Family First Prevention Services Act implementation as an opportunity to support our ongoing transformation effort by promoting innovations and flexibility in funding prevention services. We are committed to increasing families’ access to supportive services prior to child welfare interventions.Learn about Oregon benefits programs and how to apply. ... You can apply for medical, food, cash and child care benefits. Use this checklist to see what you'll need to apply. Online Apply online. You will need to create a ONE Online account. By phone Call 800-699-9075. Call Monday to Friday from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Pacific Time.42nd Annual Protecting Our Children ConferenceApril 7-10, 2024 — Seattle, WA and Virtually. Each year, NICWA hosts the largest national gathering on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) child advocacy issues. With over 1,600 attendees—and growing every year—this three-day conference has become the premiere national event …Mar 12, 2022 · 1. Check-in with Families and engage with Child Welfare when appropriate. During this time of social distancing, the ODHS Child Welfare Program encourages Oregonians to check in with families and continue to engage with child welfare when appropriate. The COVID-19 pandemic creates many challenges for families, which could impact child safety ... The Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS) Douglas County Child Welfare Program Manager, Jessica Hunter, wanted to come up with a way to better …Welcome to our public child welfare data reporting website. Here you will find up-to-date information about the children and families who come into the Oregon child welfare system due to abuse or neglect. We have provided many of these data for a number of years in our annual Data Book. This on-line reporting tool provides us with the ability ...Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2020). Determining the best interests of the child. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children's Bureau. This publication is a product of the State Statutes Series prepared by Child Welfare Information Gateway. While every attemptReporting child abuse. If you think a child is being abused, call 855-503-SAFE (7233). Trained child welfare screeners will talk with you about your concerns and decide if follow up or referrals are needed. How to report abuse or neglect. How to recognize child abuse; Information for mandatory reporters Our Center advances the delivery of services to children and families. We are a nationally recognized research, training, and consultation center, working across Oregon and beyond. Founded as a partnership between the School of Social Work at Portland State University and Oregon Child Welfare in 1993, our services now touch on the fields of ...Oregon Department of Human Services Districts Map Feb. 2016 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 MALHEUR HARNEY GRANT BAKER UNION WALLO A UMATILLA MORROW WHEELER ...Child Welfare, Oregon Health Authority and Oregon Health and Sciences University have collaborated on the development of a two-page guide for CW caseworkers to better understand emergency department (ED) care decisions for young adults experiencing a mental health/behavioral health crisis.Structured Decision-Making. Structured decision-making (SDM) is an approach to child protective services that uses clearly defined and consistently applied decision-making criteria for screening for investigation, determining response priority, identifying immediate threatened harm, and estimating the risk of future abuse and neglect.Updated 2.1.2022 SSS1 – 12 MONTH TRAINING PLAN Oregon DHS – Child Welfare Well-being Needs of Children and Youth: When: First 6 Months Well-being Needs of Children and Youth focuses on the 90by30, University of Oregon Center for Prevention of Abuse and Neglect. Dec 2014 - Sep 201510 months. Eugene, OR. • Create accessible literature derived from complex academic research ...This comprehensive child welfare resource provides state and national data on child maltreatment, foster care, kinship caregiving, permanency, and older youth in care. The data are essential to help policymakers understand how many children and youth come in contact with the child welfare system, and why. States can use this information to ...How much will it cost to construct a custom home in the state of Oregon? Find out in our in-depth guide. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Show Latest View All Podcast Episodes Latest V...2021 Child Welfare Data Book (PDF - 612 KB) Oregon Department of Human Services, Office of Reporting, Research, Analytics and Implementation (2022) Presents tables showing Oregon’s child welfare data, including the disproportionality index and representation rates by race/ethnicity of children.As the Oregon state legislature considers the fate of an increasing number of foster children sent to out-of-state institutional facilities, legal advocates filed a class-action lawsuit today in federal court designed to address the state of its “overwhelmed” child welfare system.. Filed by New York-based A Better Childhood, Disability Rights Oregon …Indian Child Welfare Act Court-Appointed Special Advocates of Arizona Guides users through a course on how the Indian Child Welfare Act affects the child welfare court processes. The course includes information on the rights of Tribal children and families as well as resources about Arizona Tribes. Native American Training Instituteone.oregon.gov, 800-699-9075. adrcoforegon.org, 855-673-2372. ODHS provides services to over 1 million people across Oregon, including food and cash benefits, disability services, and support for children, families and older adults. 1. Check-in with Families and engage with Child Welfare when appropriate. During this time of social distancing, the ODHS Child Welfare Program encourages Oregonians to check in with families and continue to engage with child welfare when appropriate. The COVID-19 pandemic creates many challenges for families, which could impact child safety ...If you suspect a child has been harmed by abuse or neglect, please call 1-800-422-4453. If you suspect that a child has been harmed or is at risk of being harmed by abuse or neglect, call the National Child Abuse Hotline at Call the National Child Abuse Hotline at 1-800-422-4453.Serving the United States and Canada, the hotline is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with professional crisis ...Currently effective child welfare rules, policies, and protocols. Procedure manual. Policy transmittals, information memoranda and action requests. Implementation. Recent permanent and temporary rulemaking. Proposed rule changes. Prior versions of rules. Repealed rules.The Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS) is transforming the Child Welfare Division. ODHS seeks to create a Child Welfare Division that supports the individual needs of families and best serves Oregon’s children and young people. ODHS envisions a true transformation built on core values and a belief that children Due to the nature of our work, Child Welfare staff are sometimes subject to client contact that may constitute a threat to the worker. In response to this, Department leadership worked with the legislature to produce House Bill 3391, which resides in Chapter 653 of Oregon Laws 2015. Please review the transmittal from more information!Disposition required 419B.328. Ward of the court 419B.331. When protective supervision authorized 419B.334. Placement out of state 419B.335. Department of Human Services reports regarding out-of-state placements 419B.337. Commitment to custody of Department of Human Services 419B.340. Reasonable or active efforts determination 419B.343.... placement and support groups! Please fill out an online registration to volunteer: https://www.oregon.gov/DHS/PROVIDERS-PARTNERS/VOLUNTEER/Pages/Index.aspx.Child Welfare Director. Wyoming Department of Family Services. Division of Social Services. 2300 Capitol Avenue. 3rd Floor. Cheyenne, WY 82002. Phone: (307) 777-5759. Email: [email protected]. The following lists provide contact information and websites for related national and State organizations that offer information about child ...The Oregon Department of Human Services is looking for dedicated people who want to make a meaningful difference in the lives of Oregon’s most vulnerable children and families. Our Child Welfare Program needs your help to better protect children and engage parents and families to make positive, permanent changes in their circumstances and ...Child Welfare, Oregon Health Authority and Oregon Health and Sciences University have collaborated on the development of a two-page guide for CW caseworkers to better understand emergency department (ED) care decisions for young adults experiencing a mental health/behavioral health crisis.For the Child Welfare Procedure Manual, click here. Note: Please save this page to your favorites and come here regularly, as updates will be made on an ongoing basis. If you have a disability and need a document on this website to be provided to you in another format, please send an email to [email protected] . Current as of: January 27, 2023. This page offers statutes, regulations, and other federal issuances to assist states and tribes in planning, developing, and implementing child welfare information systems. These issuances come in different forms as defined below and are sequentially numbered according to an internal Children’s Bureau process.3210 Del Webb Ave NE. Salem, OR 97301. Phone: 503-986-5137. Fax: 503-986-0543. TTY: 1-800-735-2900. Email: [email protected]. Share Share Print. Children at least age 18 and under 21 who are attending school may be entitled to receive child support payments from their parents if there is a current Oregon support order.Susan Sigleer Support DHS Child Welfare Executive Support 503-601- [email protected] Aprille Flint-Gerner DHS Member DHS Child Welfare Deputy Director, Workforce Development 971-304-4149 [email protected] Lacey Andresen DHS Member DHS Child Welfare Deputy Director, Practice & ProgramOregon, also known as the “Beaver State,” is a captivating destination that boasts stunning natural landscapes. From its rugged coastline to its majestic mountains, this state offers a wealth of outdoor adventures for nature enthusiasts.Indicators are categorized in alignment with the Three Guiding Principles outlined in the Vision for Transformation: 1) Supporting families and promoting prevention; 2) Enhancing …Indian Child Welfare Act Court-Appointed Special Advocates of Arizona Guides users through a course on how the Indian Child Welfare Act affects the child welfare court processes. The course includes information on the rights of Tribal children and families as well as resources about Arizona Tribes. Native American Training InstituteAddress, Phone Number, and Hours for Josephine County Commission for Children & Families, a Child, Youth, and Family Services, at Northwest 6th Street, Grants Pass OR. Name Josephine County Commission for Children & Families Address 500 Northwest 6th Street Grants Pass, Oregon, 97526 Phone 541-474-5234 Hours Mon-Fri 9:00 AM-5:00 PMApr 5, 2023 ... Oregon Department of Human Services building. A single mother of five in Malheur County has filed a federal lawsuit against Oregon state ...Offense requires proof that: 1) leaving child unattended was likely to endanger health and welfare of child; 2) risk of harm occurring was substantial and unjustifiable; and 3) defendant’s lack of awareness of risk of harm was gross deviation from normal standard of care. State v. Paragon, 195 Or App 265, 97 P3d 691 (2004)“No child should feel that their value is defined by a plastic bag or a trash bag,” Morgan said. Other chief sponsors are Sen. Janeen Sollman, D-Hillsboro; and Rep. Anna Scharf, R-Dallas. A spokesperson for the Oregon Department of Human Services, which runs the state’s foster care program, declined to comment on the bill or its practices.Key Child Welfare Division data for 2021: The number of children who experienced foster care decreased by approximately 11% compared to 2020. The Oregon Child Abuse Hotline (ORCAH) received ...The Department of Human Services (DHS) fails to employ a minimally adequate number of caseworkers to provide appropriate care and services for children. In 2012, the department was staffed for only 68% of its caseload. Approximately 70% of DHS’s child welfare’s workforce have been on the job for less than 18 months.Apr 18, 2019 · Oregon Gov. Kate Brown issued an executive order Thursday establishing a Child Welfare Oversight Board charged with improving the state’s beleaguered child welfare system. The governor will ... Welcome to our public child welfare data reporting website. Here you will find up-to-date information about the children and families who come into the Oregon child welfare system due to abuse or neglect. We have provided many of these data for a number of years in our annual Data Book. This on-line reporting tool provides us with the ability ...First Nations chiefs and advocates are hopeful the Federal Court will approve a landmark child-welfare settlement this week, years after the Canadian Human Rights …Child Advocacy and Protection Division Work. The Child Advocacy and Protection Division (CAPD) provides quality and timely legal advice and effective court representation to the Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS) Child Welfare Division » in order to protect children from abuse and neglect and to support families, allowing children to grow up in safe and stable environments.The Department of Human Services is Oregon's main agency for helping Oregonians achieve wellbeing and independence through opportunities that protect, empower, respect choice and preserve dignity, especially for those who are least able to help themselves. DHS self-sufficiency and child welfare offices offer help with: Food benefits (SNAP)The Department of Human Services is Oregon's main agency for helping Oregonians achieve wellbeing and independence through opportunities that protect, empower, respect choice and preserve dignity, especially for those who are least able to help themselves. DHS self-sufficiency and child welfare offices offer help with: Food benefits (SNAP) The Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS) is transforming the Child Welfare Division. We seek to create a Child Welfare Division that supports the individual needs of families and best serves Oregon's children and young people. We envision a true transformation built on core values and a belief that children do best growing up in a family.Find an office based on your location and the type of service you need.The Department of Human Services is Oregon's main agency for helping Oregonians achieve wellbeing and independence through opportunities that protect, empower, respect choice and preserve dignity, especially for those who are least able to help themselves. DHS self-sufficiency and child welfare offices offer help with: Food benefits (SNAP)Structured Decision-Making. Structured decision-making (SDM) is an approach to child protective services that uses clearly defined and consistently applied decision-making criteria for screening for investigation, determining response priority, identifying immediate threatened harm, and estimating the risk of future abuse and neglect.Procedures. Search only DHS Child Welfare policy. Child Welfare Procedure Manual. Differential Response Procedure Manual. Rule Advisory Committees procedures.Analysis of data and statistics can help identify trends, make comparisons, and provide empirical evidence to support the implementation of child welfare practices. Find reports, databases, and other sources of statistical data on child abuse and neglect, foster care, adoption, and well-being. Most current national data. Data reports and archives.Get started with your search for top ranked schools in Oregon. Discover which colleges offer programs that fit your needs. Updated April 18, 2023 thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and ...Child Welfare Manuals. Child Welfare Administrative Rules and Policies; Child Welfare Practices for Cases with Child Sexual Abuse; Child Welfare Practices for Cases with …Contact us. General phone 503-945-6904. Toll-free 800-442-5238. Foster Care Complaints Y.E.S. line 855-840-6036.Media Contacts. (Eugene, Oregon, August 17, 2022) – A federal district court in Oregon ruled today that a lawsuit filed by A Better Childhood, a national child advocacy organization, Disability Rights Oregon, and Davis Wright Tremaine on behalf of foster children in the Oregon child welfare system will proceed as a class action lawsuit.REPR Class Pay Opt Range Opt Salary Range Rate 1 Rate 2 Rate 3 Rate 4 Rate 5 Rate 6 Rate 7 Rate 8 Rate 9 Rate 10 Rate 11 Rate 12 Rate 13 Rate 14 Rate 15 Rate 16 Rate 17Before joining the Biden Administration via confirmation by the U.S. Senate in December 2022, Jones Gaston was the child welfare director for the state of Oregon’s Department of Human Services that oversees child protection, foster care, and adoption services, a position she held since 2019.Child Welfare Information GatewayIncludes organizations that provide services to support and advocate for the children and families of incarcerated people. If you are aware of any others, please contact Child Welfare Information Gateway at [email protected] resources about family centered services for incarcerated parents, their children, and families may be …Trainer, Coach, and Mentor for Oregon Child Welfare Indian Child Welfare Act Social Service Specialist Oregon Dept Of Human Services Feb 2021 - Jul 2021 6 months. Portland, Oregon, United States ...Child Welfare Progress Reports. Monthly Reports to the Governor and Child Welfare Oversight Board . Note: SSS1 staffing numbers included in reports from February 2020 and prior include SSS1 SR 24 only. Staffing data numbers have been realigned and from March 2020, now reflect all SSS1 movement.Shattered Bonds is a stirring account of a worsening American social crisis: the disproportionate representation of black children in the US foster care system and its effects on black communities and the country as a whole. Tying the origins and impact of this disparity to racial injustice, Roberts contends that child-welfare policy reflects a political …Get started with your search for top ranked schools in Oregon. Discover which colleges offer programs that fit your needs. Updated April 18, 2023 thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and ...postsecondary education, see the Child Welfare Information Gateway publication Educational Supports for Youth in Foster Care. 10 The Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act (P.L. 112-34), enacted in September 2011, amended title IV-E to provide this credit support for foster youth who are age 16 and older. See 42 …Oregon. 2009 SB 630 - Creates the Task Force on Disproportionality in Child Welfare Foster Care for the purpose of studying and addressing racial disproportionality in the child welfare foster care system. 2017 HB 2238 - Establishes the Task Force on Public Safety and details the membership and duties of the task force.The Child Welfare Partnership, founded in 1993, was one of the first in the nation to combine social work research, training, and education into one integrated whole. Over …The National Foster Care & Adoption Directory offers contact information for State child welfare officials, programs, organizations, and services with a focus on foster care, permanency, and adoption.“Child Welfare” means the Oregon Department of Human Services, Child Welfare. (12) “Conditions for return” means a written statement of the specific behaviors, conditions, or circumstances that must exist within a child’s home before a child can safely return and remain in the home with an in-home ongoing safety plan.Chiloquin OR.- Klamath Tribal Government, Administration Staff, and Tribal Social Services, met with members of the Oregon Department of Human Services to discuss the Child Welfare System and the Klamath Tribal children’s over-represented numbers in the state child welfare system. Read MoreIncludes organizations that provide services to support and advocate for the children and families of incarcerated people. If you are aware of any others, please contact Child Welfare Information Gateway at [email protected] resources about family centered services for incarcerated parents, their children, and families may be …Oregon Child Welfare Visitation Guidance August 1, 2020 1 Guidance for In-Person Parent/Child Visits During COVID-19 In-person parent/child visitation is essential. There are steps everyone can take to mitigate risk and ensure participants are as safe as possible while putting health and well-being at the center of the visitation plan.Currently effective child welfare rules, policies, and protocols. Procedure manual. Policy transmittals, information memoranda and action requests. Implementation. Recent permanent and temporary rulemaking. Proposed rule changes. Prior versions of rules. Repealed rules.2022. Child Welfare Information Gateway encourages States to share their publications for possible inclusion in the State Guides & Manuals Search by emailing [email protected]. Links to state guides and manuals that describe child welfare services and provide guidance to professionals and families.This brief provides guidance for applying item 2 of the Onsite Review Instrument and Instructions for round 4 of the Child and Family Services Reviews. Reviewer Brief — Rating CFSR OSRI Item 12: Assessment of Needs and Provision of Appropriate Services. This brief is intended to strengthen how CFSR reviewers make a determination …A parenting plan, whether agreed to by the parents or ordered by the court, must spell out the minimum amount of time each parent will have with a child. In many counties in Oregon, before a court will make a decision regarding custody or parenting time, the court requires the parents to try to work out a plan through family law mediation. If ...You can view your case and payment status and communicate with your case manager. Contact Us by Phone: Customer Service 800-850-0228. Call a branch office directly. Contact Us by Email: [email protected]. Email your case manager directly. Make Payments: Visit the Pay Support section of our website.

When face-to face contact with a child or young adult in substitute care is not possible because the child or young adult is missing, the caseworker must comply with OAR 413-080-0053 (When a Child or Young Adult in Substitute Care Is Missing). (2) A parent or guardian on a child welfare case. (a). Mankiller quarter error

child welfare oregon

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act requires States to include in their State plans "procedures for the immediate screening, risk and safety assessment, and prompt investigation" of reports of alleged child abuse and neglect (42 U.S.C. § 5106a(b)(2)(B)(iv) (2019)). The Use of Safety and Risk Assessments in Child Protection CasesThis podcast series, produced on behalf of the Children's Bureau, presents a series of interviews and group conversations intended to provide beneficial information for busy child welfare and social work professionals.For the Child Welfare Procedure Manual, click here. Note: Please save this page to your favorites and come here regularly, as updates will be made on an ongoing basis. If you have a disability and need a document on this website to be provided to you in another format, please send an email to [email protected] . 174 Child Welfare jobs available in Oregon on Indeed.com. Apply to Child Welfare Specialist, Operations Associate, Protection Specialist and more! Child Welfare, Oregon Health Authority and Oregon Health and Sciences University have collaborated on the development of a two-page guide for CW caseworkers to better understand emergency department (ED) care decisions for young adults experiencing a mental health/behavioral health crisis.Making sure children are safe and families have the resources they need is central to our work at the Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS). We believe that children do best growing up in a family. We are working with partners across Oregon to transform the child welfare system. The Oregon Department of Human Services is looking for dedicated people who want to make a meaningful difference in the lives of Oregon’s most vulnerable children and families. Our Child Welfare Program needs your help to better protect children and engage parents and families to make positive, permanent changes in their circumstances and ... Purpose: This pilot study evaluated the cost–benefit of research-based Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) as an alternative treatment setting to residential care for children in the Illinois child welfare system.Methods: Using secondary analysis of child welfare administrative data, this study observed, for 2 years, 52 children enrolled …To apply, call us at 833-201-5557. *This opportunity is available to all kinship caregivers in Oregon, regardless of involvement with DHS Child Welfare. In order to be a good …2021 Child Welfare Data Book (PDF - 612 KB) Oregon Department of Human Services, Office of Reporting, Research, Analytics and Implementation (2022) Presents tables showing Oregon’s child welfare data, including the disproportionality index and representation rates by race/ethnicity of children. Currently effective child welfare rules, policies, and protocols. Procedure manual. Policy transmittals, information memoranda and action requests. Implementation. Recent permanent and temporary rulemaking. Proposed rule changes. Prior versions of rules. Repealed rules.Child Welfare Oregon Child Abuse Hotline: 1-855-503-SAFE (7233) What You Can Do About Child Abuse CHILD WELFARE DIVISION. What ou Can Do About Child Abuse ii ... Child Welfare provides on behalf of children or, when applicable, young adults who may be unsafe after a report of abuse is received.Relative/Kinship Care: ODHS strongly prefers to place children in foster care with relatives or kin when safe and appropriate. Foster Plus: Some children need additional support. Proctor families of all shapes and sizes care for children with the enhanced support of a Child Caring Agency (CCA) like those connected to Foster Plus.Oregon’s Child Welfare Division has released its Vision for Transformation, which documents a strategic roadmap to success, including specific guiding principles, strategies, and measurable outcomes. Listeners will hear from Rebecca Jones Gaston, the director of Oregon’s Child Welfare Division, on why the vision was developed, how it will ... What’s New on Information Gateway. 2023/2024 Prevention Resource Guide. Cross-System Collaboration to Support Youth Involved With Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice. Authentic Involvement and Engagement of Youth. Culturally Responsive Agency Practice. Expecting and Parenting in Care: Tips for Youth..

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